Hacklang

Hack is a programming language for the HipHop Virtual Machine (HHVM), created by Facebook as a dialect of PHP. The language implementation is open-source, licensed under the MIT License.^[2][3][4]

Hack allows programmers to use both dynamic typing and static typing. This kind of a type system is called gradual typing, which is also implemented in other programming languages such as ActionScript.^[5] Hack's type system allows types to be specified for functionarguments, function return values, and class properties; however, types of local variables are always inferred and cannot be specified.^[3][6]

Asynchronous operations allow cooperative multi-tasking. Code that utilizes the async infrastructure can hide I/O latency and data fetching. So, if we have code that has operations that involve some sort of waiting (e.g., network access or database queries), async minimizes the downtime our program has to be stalled because of it as the program will go do other things, most likely other I/O. HackLang has also made possible stock analytical software that was written in NodeJS. One major block with its further adoption are frameworks. HackLang in Symfony, it doesn't make much sense. You lose most of the outright benefits of a pure-Hack system. I'm currently a backend engineer on the Admin team, helping customers administrate large organizations of between 10,000 and 500,000 users. I started at Slack as an intern in 2016 and have been fortunate enough to be.

History[edit]

Hacklang Reflection

Hack was introduced on March 20, 2014.^[7] Before the announcement of the new programming language, Facebook had already implemented the code and 'battle tested' it on a large portion of its web site.

Features[edit]

Hack is designed to interoperate seamlessly with PHP, which is a widely used open-source scripting language that has a focus on web development and can be embedded into HTML. A majority of valid PHP scripts are also valid in Hack; however, numerous less frequently used PHP features and language constructs are not supported in Hack.^[8]

Hack extends the type hinting available in PHP 5 through the introduction of static typing, by adding new type hints (for example, for scalar types such as integer or string), as well as by extending the use of type hints (for example, for class properties or function return values). However, types of local variables cannot be specified.^[6] Since Hack uses a gradual typing system, in the default mode, type annotations are not mandatory even in places they cannot be inferred; the type system will assume the author is correct and admit the code.^[9] However, a 'strict' mode is available which requires such annotations, and thus enforces fully sound code.^[10]

Syntax and semantics[edit]

The basic file structure of a Hack script is similar to a PHP script with a few changes. A Hack file does not include the opening markup tag and forbids using top-level declarations.[11] Code must be placed in an entrypoint function. These are automatically executed if they are in the top-level file, but not if the file is included via include, require, or the autoloader. Like other functions in Hack, the function names must be unique within a project – i.e. projects with multiple entrypoints can not call both main :

Hackland + Dore Architects

The above script, similar to PHP, will be executed and the following output is sent to the browser:

Unlike PHP, Hack and HTML code do not mix; either XHP or another template engine needs to be used.[8]

Functions[edit]

Like PHP 7, Hack allows types to be specified for function arguments and function return values. Functions in Hack are thus annotated with types like the following:

Hacklang Keyset

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Bryan O'Sullivan (2014-03-28). 'Where Credit Belongs for Hack'. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
2. ^ ab'facebook/hhvm: hhvm / hphp / hack / LICENSE'. github.com. Facebook. 2018-04-11. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
3. ^ abJosh Lockhart (2014-04-03). 'Facebook's Hack, HHVM, and the future of PHP'. O'Reilly Media. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
4. ^Cade Metz (2014-03-20). 'Facebook Introduces 'Hack,' the Programming Language of the Future'. Wired. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
5. ^Aseem Rastogi; Avik Chaudhuri; Basil Hosmer (January 2012). 'The Ins and Outs of Gradual Type Inference'(PDF). Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). Retrieved 2019-02-06.
6. ^ ab'Hack Manual: Hack and HHVM – Type Annotations'. docs.hhvm.com. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
7. ^Verlaguet, Julien; Menghrajani, Alok (2014-03-20). 'Hack: a new programming language for HHVM'. Facebook. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
8. ^ ab'Inconsistencies: Introduction'. docs.hhvm.com. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
9. ^'Hack Manual: Partial Mode'. docs.hhvm.com. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
10. ^'Hack Manual: Strict Mode'. docs.hhvm.com. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
11. ^Emmott, Fred (2019-02-11). 'HHVM 4.0.0'. hhvm.com. Retrieved 2019-05-02.

External links[edit]

Hacklang Framework

Hack allows programmers to use both dynamic typing and static typing. This kind of a type system is called gradual typing, which is also implemented in other programming languages such as ActionScript.^[5] Hack's type system allows types to be specified for functionarguments, function return values, and class properties; however, types of local variables are always inferred and cannot be specified.^[3][6]

Asynchronous operations allow cooperative multi-tasking. Code that utilizes the async infrastructure can hide I/O latency and data fetching. So, if we have code that has operations that involve some sort of waiting (e.g., network access or database queries), async minimizes the downtime our program has to be stalled because of it as the program will go do other things, most likely other I/O. HackLang has also made possible stock analytical software that was written in NodeJS. One major block with its further adoption are frameworks. HackLang in Symfony, it doesn't make much sense. You lose most of the outright benefits of a pure-Hack system. I'm currently a backend engineer on the Admin team, helping customers administrate large organizations of between 10,000 and 500,000 users. I started at Slack as an intern in 2016 and have been fortunate enough to be.

History[edit]

Hacklang Reflection

Hack was introduced on March 20, 2014.^[7] Before the announcement of the new programming language, Facebook had already implemented the code and 'battle tested' it on a large portion of its web site.

Features[edit]

Hack is designed to interoperate seamlessly with PHP, which is a widely used open-source scripting language that has a focus on web development and can be embedded into HTML. A majority of valid PHP scripts are also valid in Hack; however, numerous less frequently used PHP features and language constructs are not supported in Hack.^[8]

Hack extends the type hinting available in PHP 5 through the introduction of static typing, by adding new type hints (for example, for scalar types such as integer or string), as well as by extending the use of type hints (for example, for class properties or function return values). However, types of local variables cannot be specified.^[6] Since Hack uses a gradual typing system, in the default mode, type annotations are not mandatory even in places they cannot be inferred; the type system will assume the author is correct and admit the code.^[9] However, a 'strict' mode is available which requires such annotations, and thus enforces fully sound code.^[10]

Syntax and semantics[edit]

The basic file structure of a Hack script is similar to a PHP script with a few changes. A Hack file does not include the opening markup tag and forbids using top-level declarations.[11] Code must be placed in an entrypoint function. These are automatically executed if they are in the top-level file, but not if the file is included via include, require, or the autoloader. Like other functions in Hack, the function names must be unique within a project – i.e. projects with multiple entrypoints can not call both main :

Hackland + Dore Architects

The above script, similar to PHP, will be executed and the following output is sent to the browser:

Unlike PHP, Hack and HTML code do not mix; either XHP or another template engine needs to be used.[8]

Functions[edit]

Like PHP 7, Hack allows types to be specified for function arguments and function return values. Functions in Hack are thus annotated with types like the following:

Hacklang Keyset

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Bryan O'Sullivan (2014-03-28). 'Where Credit Belongs for Hack'. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
2. ^ ab'facebook/hhvm: hhvm / hphp / hack / LICENSE'. github.com. Facebook. 2018-04-11. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
3. ^ abJosh Lockhart (2014-04-03). 'Facebook's Hack, HHVM, and the future of PHP'. O'Reilly Media. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
4. ^Cade Metz (2014-03-20). 'Facebook Introduces 'Hack,' the Programming Language of the Future'. Wired. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
5. ^Aseem Rastogi; Avik Chaudhuri; Basil Hosmer (January 2012). 'The Ins and Outs of Gradual Type Inference'(PDF). Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). Retrieved 2019-02-06.
6. ^ ab'Hack Manual: Hack and HHVM – Type Annotations'. docs.hhvm.com. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
7. ^Verlaguet, Julien; Menghrajani, Alok (2014-03-20). 'Hack: a new programming language for HHVM'. Facebook. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
8. ^ ab'Inconsistencies: Introduction'. docs.hhvm.com. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
9. ^'Hack Manual: Partial Mode'. docs.hhvm.com. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
10. ^'Hack Manual: Strict Mode'. docs.hhvm.com. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
11. ^Emmott, Fred (2019-02-11). 'HHVM 4.0.0'. hhvm.com. Retrieved 2019-05-02.

External links[edit]

Hacklang Framework